Chronic venous outflow obstruction: An important cause of chronic

Chronic venous outflow obstruction is a significant cause of chronic venous disease and therefore chronic morbidity. When conservative measures fail, intervention through deep venous reconstructive techniques should be considered. Referral should be considered in all patients with features of chronic venous disease that are life-affecting. Imaging relies primarily on duplex ultrasonography, supplemented by computed tomographic and magnetic resonance venography, and intraoperatively by intravascular ultrasonography. Intervention is primary endovenous, using angioplasty and stenting. Open surgical procedures are used in very select patients.

PDF) Iliocaval Venous Obstruction, Cardiac Preload Reserve and

Combination between Dunbar Syndrome and May–Thurner Syndrome

Revised Clinical Classification of Chronic Venous Disease of the Leg.*

Obscure, Incarcerated, or Strangulated Hernia as a Cause of

Percutaneous transvenous stent implantation to external iliac vein

Iliofemoral stenting for chronic venous occlusive disease: Initial and mid-term outcomes in single institution – topic of research paper in Clinical medicine. Download scholarly article PDF and read for free on CyberLeninka

Pelvic venous congestion syndrome: female venous congestive syndromes and endovascular treatment options, CVIR Endovascular

Utility of the 50% stenosis criterion for patients undergoing stenting for chronic iliofemoral venous obstruction - ScienceDirect

JCM, Free Full-Text